Finger splaying (holding fingers spread wide apart).Generalized hypotonia (limp, decreased resistance to moving of the infant's extremities).Visceral responses (vomiting, gagging, hiccups, passing gas).Changes in vital signs (heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure (BP), pulse ox rate).Color changes (pallor, flushing (turning red), and cyanosis (turning blue).Signs of stress, by subsystem, seen in preterm or full term infants cared for in the NICU include: Autonomic Signs of Stress Technology, which focuses care solely on the autonomic system (respiratory, cardiac, digestive and temperature control functions), comes at the expense of the motor, state, organizational and self-regulatory systems, which are intimately dependent on an adaptive environment. ![]() The preterm infant is more dependent, than the full term infant, on its environment to help support and maintain balanced equilibrium. Therefore, the preterm infant's behaviors are generally characterized by disorganization and signs of stress. In the preterm infant these systems are not fully developed and ready to function. In healthy full term infants these systems generally work smoothly supporting and promoting each other. If properly timed and appropriate in complexity and intensity, stimulation will cause the infant to search and move toward the stimuli, while maintaining him/herself in a stable balance (e.g., appropriate color, even heart and respiratory rate and/or good muscle tone). If an inappropriate stimuli persists the infant will no longer be able to maintain a stable balance of subsystems (e.g., decrease or increase in heart or respirations may be observed or skin color may change, or muscle tone decrease). ![]() The process of subsystem interaction (how the five subsystems work together or influence each other) is what is meant by the term "synaction." This synaction is combined with the infant's continuous interaction with the environment to formulate the "Synactive Theory of Infant Development." The basic concept underlying this approach is that the infant will defend him/herself against stimulation if it is inappropriately timed or is inappropriate in complexity or intensity. The autonomic system has to be functioning (the baby breathing and has a heat rate) to be able to assess an infant's ability to look at something.
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